The pathologies of intoxication in classical Greece: the eloquent silence of the Hippocratic Corpus (Corpus Hippocraticum)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37467/gka-revmedica.v6.1560Keywords:
History of medicine, Alcoholism, Knowledge, Causality, Time FactorsAbstract
Although wine was an important part of the Greek diet, the Hippocratics did not attribute to it an exclusive role as a cause of diseases. This article explores the Hippocratic epistemological system in search of the reasons for this indifference. The Corpus is based on pre-reflective notions of totality, adequacy and open temporality. The first means that wine is regarded as a mere carrier of the qualitative elements (dry, wet, hot, cold) making up the Universe; the second, that it does not confer an immutable effect, irrespective of the circumstances; lastly, the third leads the Hippocratic view to prognosis at the detriment of the causes, which might include contumacious intoxication. Taken together, these notions preclude the Hippocratic view from associating wine with a specific disease.
References
Bynum, W. F. (1984). Alcoholism and degeneration in 19th century European medicine and psychiatry. British Journal of Addiction, 79 (1), 59-70.
Cairus, H. (2003). “A arte hipocrática entre o lógos e a praxis”, Terceira Margem, VIII (9), pp. 9-17, [en línea], disponible en: http://www.letras.ufrj.br/ciencialit/terceiramargemonline/numero09/NUM09_2003.pdf
[consultado el 26/08/2015]
Cairus, H. y Alcina, J. (2007). “A alimentação da dieta hipocrática”, Classica (Brasil), 20 (2) pp. 999-999, [en línea], disponible en: http://www.letras.ufrj.br/proaera/classica_2010.pdf. [consultado el 26/08/2015]
Darbo-Pechanski, C. (2009). Ordem do corpo, ordem do mundo: aitia, tekmêrion, historion nos tratados hipocráticos do fim do século V antes de nossa era. En: Peixoto, M. C. D. (ed.), A saúde dos antigos. Reflexões gregas e romanas (pp.43-53). São Paulo: Edições Loyola.
Eijk, P. V. (2009). Os conceitos de saúde mental na medicina e na filosofia gregas do século V e IV a.C. En: Peixoto, M. C. D. (ed.), A saúde dos antigos. Reflexões gregas e romanas (pp.11-32). São Paulo: Ediçoes Loyola.
Frias, I. (2005). Doença do corpo, doença da alma. Medicina e filosofia na Grécia clássica. São Paulo: Edições Loyola.
Galen y Karl Gottlob Kühn. (1826). Claudii Galenni Opera omnia. Editionem curavit. Lipsiae, Car. Cnoblochii.
Henriquez, F. F. (2004[1731]), Âncora medicinal. Para conservar a vida com saúde, São Paulo: Ateliê Editorial.
Hippocrates. (2004). The Loeb Classical Library. Vol I. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Hippocrates. (2005). The Loeb Classical Library. Vol IV. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Hippocrates. (1988). The Loeb Classical Library. Vol V. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Hippocrates. (1988). The Loeb Classical Library. Vol VI. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Hippocrates. (1994). The Loeb Classical Library. Vol VII. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Hippocrates. The Loeb Classical Library. Vol VIII (1995), Cambridge, Harvard University Press.
Jones, W. H. S. (2005). Introduction. En: Hippocrates (ed.), The Loeb Classical Library. Vol IV. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Jouanna, J. (2012), Wine and medicine in Ancient Greece. En: Greek Medicine from Hippocrates to Galen. Leiden-Boston, Editado por EIJK, Philip van der; traduzido por ALLIES, Niel, Brill, pp. 173-194 [publicado originalmente em Revue des Études grecques 109 (1996), 54–64, com o título “Le vin et la médicine dans la Grèce ancienne”].
Kielhorn, W. F. (1996). The history of alcoholism: Brühl-Cramer´s concepts and observations. Addiction, 91 (1), 121-128.
Laín Entralgo, P. (1970). La medicina hipocrática. Madrid: Alianza Editorial.
Levine, H. G. (1978). The discovery of addiction. Changing conceptions of habitual drunkenness in America. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 39 (1), 143-174.
Long, A. (1999). The scope of early Greek philosophy. En: The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy (pp. 1-21). Berkeley: Editado por LONG A, Cambrige University Press.
Marramao, G. (2008). Kairós: Apología del tiempo oportuno. Barcelona: Gedisa Editorial.
Melo Franco, F. (1994). Medicina Teológica. São Paulo: Giordano. Publicação original em 1794.
Oribasio (1851). Oeuvres d'Oribase: texte grec, en grande partie inédit, collationné sur les manuscrits/ traduit pour la première fois en français, avec une introduction, des notes, des tables et des planches par les docteurs Bussemaker et Ch. Daremberg/ tome 1”. Paris, L´Imprimerie National. [en línea], disponible en: http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?p=417&cote=34860x01&do=page
Peixoto, M. C. D. (2009). Kairos e metron: a saúde da alma na therapeia do corpo. En: Peixoto, M. C. D. (eds.). A saúde dos antigos. Reflexões gregas e romanas (pp. 55-66). São Paulo: Edições Loyola.
Pigeaud, J. (2006a). La crise. Nantes: Éditions Cécile Defaut.
Pigeaud, J. (2006b). La maladie de l´âme. Étude sur la relations de l´âme et du corps dans la tradition médico-philosophique antique. Paris: Les Belles Lettrs.
Santos, F. S. (2006). Bêbados e alcoólatras, medicina e cotidiano. En: Nascimento, D. R., Carvalho, D. M., Marques, R. C. (eds.). Uma história brasileira das doenças (pp. 64-91.). Rio de Janeiro: Mauad.
Simon, B. (1978). Mind and madness in ancient Greece. The classical roots of modern psychiatry. Ithaca e Londres: Cornell University Press.
Sournia, J. C. (1986). Histoire de l´alcoolisme. Paris: Flammarion.
Vegetti, M. (1999). Culpability, responsibility, cause: Philosophy, historiography, and medicine in the fifth century. En: The Cambridge Companion to Early Greek Philosophy (pp. 271-289)., Editado por LONG A. Cambrige, University Press.
Wiesemann, C. (2000). Die heimliche Krankheit: Eine Geschichte des Suchtbegriffs, Stuttgart: Bad Cannstatt.
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Those authors who publish in this journal accept the following terms:
- Authors will keep the moral right of the work and they will transfer the commercial rights.
- After 1 year from publication, the work shall thereafter be open access online on our website, but will retain copyright.
- In the event that the authors wish to assign an Creative Commons (CC) license, they may request it by writing to administracion@edulab.es
