La gestión de Crisis en Doñana
Comunicación pública y percepción social
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62701/revsocial.v13.5475Palabras clave:
Doñana, Comunicación en crisis, Redes sociales, Comunicación políticaResumen
El Parque Nacional de Doñana, reconocido como la mayor reserva ecológica de Europa, sufre una agravada por el cambio climático y la extracción ilegal de agua. Entre 2022 y 2023, una proposición del Partido Popular para revisar el plan de ordenación de regadíos generó una fuerte confrontación entre la Junta de Andalucía, el Gobierno central (PSOE) y las instituciones europeas. Este estudio analiza las estrategias comunicativas empleadas por las instituciones públicas implicadas, la respuesta ciudadana y el tratamiento mediático del conflicto. A través de un análisis de contenido de publicaciones en redes sociales institucionales y de la cobertura de El País y El Mundo, se concluye que la comunicación se centró en proteger la reputación institucional mediante la negación y la deslegitimación del adversario. La crisis fue instrumentalizada, con mensajes poco segmentados y un enfoque mediático centrado en el enfrentamiento político, desplazando a un segundo plano el impacto ambiental.
Descargas
Estadísticas globales ℹ️
|
32
Visualizaciones
|
12
Descargas
|
|
44
Total
|
|
Citas
Alcalde, S. (2024, 22 de mayo). El regadío seca Doñana. National Geographic España. https://www.nationalgeographic.com.es/medio-ambiente/regadio-seca-donana_17870
Austin, L., Fisher Liu, B., & Jin, Y. (2012). How Audiences Seek Out Crisis Information: Exploring the Social-Mediated Crisis Communication Model. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 40(2), 188-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2012.654498 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00909882.2012.654498
Bartolucci, A., Aquilino, M. C., Bril, L., Duncan, J., & van Steen, T. (2023). Effectiveness of audience segmentation in instructional risk communication: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 95, 103872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103872 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103872
Cannaerts, N. (2021). Crisis communication in public emergencies: multistakeholders’ perspectives. International Journal of Emergency Services, 10(1), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJES-07-2019-0038 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJES-07-2019-0038
Carrasco, A. (2023, 30 de abril). La regularización del regadío afecta al 8% de la Corona Norte de Doñana. Huelva Información. https://www.huelvainformacion.es/provincia/regadio-Corona-Norte-Donana-pozo_0_1788123209.html
Carvache-Franco, O., Carvache-Franco, M., Carvache-Franco, W., & Iturralde, K. (2023). Topic and sentiment analysis of crisis communications about the COVID-19 pandemic in Twitter’s tourism hashtags. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 23(1), 44–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584221085470 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584221085470
Chandrasekar, K., Selvanayagam, K., & Rehman, V. (2021). Responsibility Finds A Way: A Typology and Framework Development Approach Towards Public Sector Crisis Management. International Journal of Strategic Communication, 15(4), 328-356. https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2021.1872081 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1553118X.2021.1872081
Cheng, Y., Wang, Y., & Kong, Y. (2022). The state of social-mediated crisis communication research through the lens of global scholars: An updated assessment. Public Relations Review, 48(2), 102172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102172
Chung, S., & Lee, S. (2016). Crisis Communication Strategy on Social Media and the Public’s Cognitive and Affective Responses: A Case of Foster Farms Salmonella Outbreak. Communication Research Reports, 33(4), 341–348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2016.1224170
Coombs, T. W., & Holladay, S. J. (2014). How publics react to crisis communication efforts. Journal of Communication Management, 18(1), 40-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-03-2013-0015
Coombs, W. T. (2004). Impact of past crises on current crisis communication: Insights from situational crisis communication theory. Journal of Business Communication, 41(3), 265-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943604265607 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021943604265607
Coombs, W. T. (2017). Revising situational crisis communication theory: The influences of social media on crisis communication theory and practice. En Y. Jin y L. L. Austin (Eds.) Social Media and Crisis Communication. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315749068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315749068-3
Coombs, W. T. (2021). Crisis Communication as Course Correction: Communicative Efforts Revive Goals. En S. Balonas, T. Ruão y M.V. Carrillo (Coords.) Strategic Communication in Context: Theoretical Debates and Applied Research (pp. 111-130). UMinho Editora/CECS. https://doi.org/10.21814/uminho.ed.46.6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21814/uminho.ed.46.6
Coombs, W. T. (2023). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding (6th ed). Sage. (6th ed.). Sage.
Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2002). Helping crisis managers protect reputational assets: Initial Tests of the Situational Crisis Communication Theory. Management Communication Quarterly, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/089331802237233 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/089331802237233
Coombs, W. T., & Holladay, S. J. (2014). How publics react to crisis communication efforts: Comparing crisis response reactions across sub-arenas. Journal of Communication Management, 18(1), 40-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-03-2013-0015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-03-2013-0015
Coombs, W. T., & Tachkova, E. R. (2022). Elaborating the concept of threat in contingency theory: An integration with moral outrage and situational crisis communication theory. Public Relations Review, 48(4), 102234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102234 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102234
Coombs, W. T., & Tachkova, E. R. (2024). How Emotions Can Enhance Crisis Communication: Theorizing Around Moral Outrage. Journal of Public Relations Research, 36(1), 6-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2023.2244615 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2023.2244615
Crespo Martínez, I., & Garrido Rubia, A. (2020). La pandemia del coronavirus estrategias de comunicación de crisis. Más poder local, 41, 12-19.
Cristòfol, F. J., Eugenio-Vela, J. de S., & Paniagua-Rojano, F. J. (2020). Active listening in the management of crisis communication: Case study of the 2017 terrorist attack in Barcelona. Communication and Society, 33(4), 61-74. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.33.4.61-74 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15581/003.33.4.61-74
Curiel, M., & Sousa, D. (2023). «Podcast» | El precio de destruir el medio ambiente: ¿hay esperanza para Doñana? El País. https://elpais.com/podcasts/hoy-en-el-pais/2023-03-28/podcast-el-precio-de-destruir-el-medio-ambiente-hay-esperanza-para-donana.html
de Felipe, M., Aragonés, D., & Díaz-Paniagua, C. (2023). Thirty-four years of Landsat monitoring reveal long-term effects of groundwater abstractions on a World Heritage Site wetland. Science of The Total Environment, 880, 163329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163329 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163329
Ferranti, E. J. S., Yan Wong, J. H., & Dhesi, S. (2021). A Comparison of Government Communication of Climate Change in Hong Kong and United Kingdom. Weather, Climate, and Society, 13(2), 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-20-0123.1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1175/WCAS-D-20-0123.1
Gallego, J. L. (2023, agosto 30). Ultimátum de la Unesco a España por Doñana antes de mandarla a la «lista negra». El Confidencial. https://www.elconfidencial.com/medioambiente/naturaleza/2023-08-30/ultimatum-unesco-espana-donana-lista-negra_3726335/
García-Avilés, J. A., & Arias Robles, F. (2016). Géneros periodísticos en los formatos visuales de Twitter: una propuesta de tipología Journalism genres in Twitter’s visual formats: a proposal for classification. Textual & Visual Media, 9, 101-132. https://textualvisualmedia.com/index.php/txtvmedia/article/view/52/42 Revista Profesional de la Información
González, C. (2022, noviembre 13). La sed de Doñana: «Hay que adaptarse al cambio climático que ya estamos viviendo». RTVE. https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20221113/sed-donana-hay-adaptarse-cambio-climatico-ya-estamos-viviendo/2408781.shtml
Hale, B. J., & Grabe, M. E. (2018). Visual War: A Content Analysis of Clinton and Trump Subreddits During the 2016 Campaign. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 95(2), 449-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018766501 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699018766501
Ibáñez-Hernández, A., Papí-Gálvez, N., & Carretón-Ballester, C. (2023). Pharmaceutical Communication in Spain around the COVID-19 Crisis: A Scoping Review. Systems, 11(6), 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060309 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/systems11060309
Consejería de Fomento, Articulación del Territorio y Vivienda. (s.f.). Plan de Ordenación del Territorio de Andalucía (POTA). Junta de Andalucía. https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/organismos/fomentoarticulaciondelterritorioyvivienda/areas/ordenacion/pota/paginas/plan-pota.html
Kattumana, T., Heyerdahl, L. W., Nguyen, T. T., Dielen, S., Peeters Grietens, K., Vandamme, A. M., Giles-Vernick, T., Larson, H. J., Vandaele, N., Vandermeulen, C., Gryseels, C., & Van Riet, C. (2023). More than one crisis: COVID-19 response actors navigating multi-dimensional crises in Flanders, Belgium. Critical Public Health, 33, 566-578. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2240480 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2023.2240480
Kim, S. (2022). It is time that matters in crisis communication: The role of temporal distance and crisis threat appraisal. Public Relations Review, 48(2), 102155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102155 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102155
Kong, S., & Chen, H. (2022). Revisiting the SMCC model: How Chinese public relations practitioners handle social-mediated crises. Public Relations Review, 48(5), 102259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102259 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102259
Krämer, A., & Winkler, P. (2024). Overcoming the «blame game» in strategic climate communication: from decoupling accusations toward an arena-spanning agenda. Journal of Communication Management, 28(1), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-12-2022-0132 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-12-2022-0132
La Sexta. (2023, 13 de abril). Radiografía del deterioro del Parque Nacional de Doñana: no solo la sequía pone en peligro el ecosistema. https://www.lasexta.com/programas/al-rojo-vivo/radiografia-deterioro-parque-nacional-donana-solo-sequia-pone-peligro-ecosistema_202304136437efa47e9ad300016b5a0b.html
Lerouge, R., Lema, M. D., & Arnaboldi, M. (2023). The role played by government communication on the level of public fear in social media: An investigation into the Covid-19 crisis in Italy. Government Information Quarterly, 40(2), 101798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101798 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2022.101798
Liu, B. F., & Fraustino, J. D. (2014). Beyond image repair: Suggestions for crisis communication theory development. Public Relations Review, 40(3), 543-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.04.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2014.04.004
Liu, B. F., & Kim, S. (2011). How organizations framed the 2009 H1N1 pandemic via social and traditional media: Implications for U.S. health communicators. Public Relations Review, 37(3), 233-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.03.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2011.03.005
Liu, B., Jin, Y., & Austin, L. (2012). The Social-Mediated Crisis Communication Model: Guidelines for effective crisis management in a changing media landscape. En W. T. Coombs y S. J. Holladay New Media and Public Relations (pp. 257-266).
Liu, W., Zhao, X., Zhan, M. & Hernandez, S. (2024). Streaming disasters on TikTok: Examining social mediated crisis communication, public engagement, and emotional responses during the 2023 Maui wildfire. Public Relations Review, 50(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2024.102512 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2024.102512
Maier, C., & Crist, J. R. (2017). From «Wicked Crisis» to Responsive Witness: Jean-Luc Marion and the American Roman Catholic Sexual-Abuse Scandal. Southern Communication Journal, 82(3), 164-174. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2017.1315453 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2017.1315453
Marqués Perales, J. M. (2023, diciembre 23). El Gobierno tiene detectadas 795 hectáreas de regadíos ilegales en torno a Doñana. El Público. https://www.diariodesevilla.es/andalucia/Gobierno-detectadas-hectareas-regadios-Donana_0_1854415121.html
Martínez Solana, Y., & Martín García, T. (2021). Análisis comparativo de la gestión gubernamental de comunicación de crisis de la Covid-19, vacas locas y atentados del 11M. Historia y Comunicación Social, 26(Especial), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.5209/hics.74242 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/hics.74242
Masngut, N., & Mohamad, E. (2021). Association Between Public Opinion and Malaysian Government Communication Strategies About the COVID-19 Crisis: Content Analysis of Image Repair Strategies in Social Media. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(8), e28074. https://doi.org/10.2196/28074 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2196/28074
Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico. (2024). Parque Nacional de Doñana. Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico. https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/donana/ficha-tecnica.html
Ndone, J., & Park, J. (2022). Crisis communication: The mediating role of cognitive and affective empathy in the relationship between crisis type and crisis response strategy on post-crisis reputation and forgiveness. Public Relations Review, 48(1), 102136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102136 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2021.102136
Piñeiro-Naval, V. (2020). The content analysis methodology. Uses and applications in communication research on Spanish-speaking countries. Communication & Society, 33(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.33.3.1-15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15581/003.33.3.1-15
Ravazzani, S., & Maier, C. D. (2017). Framing of issues across actors: exploring competing discourses in digital arenas. Journal of Communication Management, 21(2), 186-200. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-07-2016-0050 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JCOM-07-2016-0050
Schoofs, L., Fannes, G., & Claeys, A. S. (2022). Empathy as a main ingredient of impactful crisis communication: The perspectives of crisis communication practitioners. Public Relations Review, 48(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102150
Sedeño-Alcántara, C., Vegas-García, L., & Paniagua Rojano, F. J. (2023). Communicating the volcanic eruption in La Palma from Spanish public institutions: communication strategies on Twitter. Estudios Sobre El Mensaje Periodístico, 29(2), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.5209/esmp.87391 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5209/esmp.87391
Smith, L. K. M., & Wolfe, S. E. (2023). Dead in the water: Mortality messaging in water crisis communication and implications for pro‐environmental outcomes. People and Nature, 5(4), 1336-1352. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10505 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10505
Son, J., Lee, H. K., Jin, S., & Lee, J. (2019). Content features of tweets for effective communication during disasters: A media synchronicity theory perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 45, 56-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.10.012
Sørensen, M., & Evensen, D. (2023). Framing the Covid-19 pandemic: A comparative analysis of Swedish and Danish crisis communication. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 31(4), 960-967. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12486 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12486
Terracciano, E., & Han, A. T. (2023). Twitter communication during winter storm Uri in San Antonio, Texas - Implications for climate resiliency planning. Cities, 139, 104407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2023.104407
Tian, Y., & Yang, J. (2022). Deny or bolster? A comparative study of crisis communication strategies between Trump and Cuomo in COVID-19. Public Relations Review, 48(2), 102182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102182 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102182
Urick, M. A. (2014). Theorizing Crisis Communication by Sellnow, Timothy L. and Seeger, Matthew W.John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Malden, MA, 2013, 271 pp. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 22(4), 241-242. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12061
Valenzuela, S., Piña, M., & Ramírez, J. (2017). Behavioral Effects of Framing on Social Media Users: How Conflict, Economic, Human Interest, and Morality Frames Drive News Sharing. Journal of Communication, 67(5), 803-826. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12325 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12325
Voges, T. S., Jin, Y., Buckley, C., Eaddy, L. L., & Lu, X. (2024). A new framework for managing «crisis spillover» as a type of sticky crisis: Initial insights from a crisis communication expert panel. Public Relations Review, 50(1), 102424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2024.102424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2024.102424
Wankhade, M., Rao, A. C. S., & Kulkarni, C. (2022). A survey on sentiment analysis methods, applications, and challenges. Artificial Intelligence Review, 55(7), 5731-5780. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10144-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10144-1
Weitkamp, E., McEwen, L., & Ramirez, P. (2020). Communicating the hidden: toward a framework for drought risk communication in maritime climates. Climatic Change, 163(2), 831-850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02906-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-020-02906-z
Wiese, M., & Van Der Westhuizen, L. M. (2023). Public coping discourse in response to government health crisis communication. Corporate Communications, 28(7), 44-67. https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-07-2022-0089 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/CCIJ-07-2022-0089
Xu, J. (2020). Does the medium matter? A meta-analysis on using social media vs. traditional media in crisis communication. Public Relations Review, 46(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101947 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101947
Yuan, F., Li, M., & Liu, R. (2020). Understanding the evolutions of public responses using social media: Hurricane Matthew case study. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 51, 101798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101798 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101798
Zhao, X., Zhan, M. M., & Liu, B. F. (2019). Understanding motivated publics during disasters: Examining message functions, frames, and styles of social media influentials and followers. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 27(4), 387-399. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12279 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12279
Zhao, X., Zhan, M., & Ma, L. (2020). How publics react to situational and renewing organizational responses across crises: Examining SCCT and DOR in social-mediated crises. Public Relations Review, 46(4), 101944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101944 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2020.101944
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2025 Carmen Sedeño Alcántara, Trinidad Fortes Martínez, Francisco Javier Paniagua Rojano

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores/as que publiquen en esta revista aceptan las siguientes condiciones:
- Los autores/as conservan los derechos de autor.
- Los autores/as ceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación. La revista también posee los derechos de edición.
- Todos los contenidos publicados se regulan mediante una Licencia Atribución/Reconocimiento-SinDerivados 4.0 Internacional. Acceda a la versión informativa y texto legal de la licencia. En virtud de ello, se permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y a la primera publicación en esta revista. Si transforma el material, no podrá distribuir el trabajo modificado.
- Los autores/as pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en esta revista (p. ej., incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as a publicar su trabajo en Internet (por ejemplo en páginas institucionales o personales), una vez publicado en la revista y citando a la misma ya que puede conducir a intercambios productivos y a una mayor y más rápida difusión del trabajo publicado (vea The Effect of Open Access).







