Migration and Quality of Life: A Case Study of Latin American Immigrants on the East Side of Los Angeles, California
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37467/gka-revsocial.v5.474Keywords:
Quality of Life, Migration, Latin American, Immigrants, CaliforniaAbstract
In this article, we present the results of a comprehensive evaluation of the quality of life of Latin American immigrants, who reside on the east side of Los Angeles, California. In order to evaluate their quality of life, we designed an instrument based on objective, social, and subjective well-being indicators. One hundred and thirty-eight immigrants participated in the study, which obtained the following results. In the regards to the immigrants’ objective well-being, the study found that the population group enjoys an acceptable quality of life standard given that they enjoy access to basic services and household goods, and do not live in overcrowded conditions. However, the study does confirm the fact that the group in question earns much less than the average U.S. national income. With respects to their social well-being, the participants reported an acceptable degree of personal social development, family coexistence, the exercise of cultural, religious and personal beliefs and practices, and access to information, as well as free time and opportunities for recreation. Finally, the study finds that Latin American immigrants, who reside in East Los Angeles, are highly satisfied with their lives and enjoy a high degree of subjective well-being. Moreover, the migratory experience has not affected negatively their perceived quality of life.
References
Abbagnano, N. (1998). Diccionario de filosofía. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Andrews, F. y Withey, S. (1976). Social Indicators of Well-Being: Americans Perception of Life Quality. New York: Plenum Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2253-5
Aristóteles (2004). Ética nicomaquea. Traducción de Antonio Gómez
Robledo (20ª Ed.). México: Editorial Porrúa.
Arita, B. (2006a). Calidad de vida en Culiacán. Condiciones objetivas, capacidad y bienestar subjetivos. Culiacán, Sonora: Editorial Fontamara y Gobierno de Sinaloa.
Arita, B. (2006b). Satisfacción por la vida y teoría homeostática del bienestar. Hologramática, 2(5), 35-46. Recuperado de www.unlz.edu.ar/sociales/hologramatica
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (2015). Rompe récord monto de remesas recibidas en América Latina y el Caribe. Comunicados de prensa del 12-may-2015. Recuperado de http://www.iadb.org/es/noticias/comunicados-de-prensa/2015-05-12/monto-record-de-remesas-recibido-en-la-region-en-2014,11158.html
Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (2008). Calidad de vida: más allá de los hechos. México: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Banco Mundial (2014). Gross national income per capita 2013, Atlas method. Recuperado de http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GNIPC.pdf
Banco Mundial (2008). Poverty Reduction Strategies. Recuperado de http://extsrchbox.worldbank.org
Borges, G., Breslau, J., Maxwell, S., Miller, M., Medina-Mora, M. y Aguilar-Gaxiola, S. (2009) Immigration and Suicidal Behavior Among Mexicans and Mexican Americans. American Journal of Public Health, 99(4), 728-733. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.135160 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.135160
Boltvinik, J. (2003). Conceptos y medición de la pobreza: la necesidad de ampliar la mirada. Pape-les de Población (38), 9-25. Recuperado de http://redalyc. uaemex.mx/src/inicio/ArtPdfRed.jsp?iCve=11203801
Boltvinik, J. (2001). Conceptos y medición de la pobreza. En J. Boltvinik y E. Hernández Laos (Comps.), Pobreza y distribución del ingreso en México (pp. 30-50). (3ª Ed.). México: Siglo Vein-tiuno Editores.
Cantril, H. (1965). The Pattern of Human Concern. New Jersey: Rutgers University Press.
Cárdenas, M., Di Maro, V. y Sorkin, I. (2009). Migration and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from Latin America. Journal of Business Strategies, 26(1), 9-26. Recuperado de http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/42958644/migration-life-satisfaction-evidence-from-latin-america DOI: https://doi.org/10.54155/jbs.26.1.9-34
Castells, M. (2005, 8 de noviembre). La importancia de la identidad. En La Nación. Recuperado de http://www. lanacion.cl/noticias/site/artic/ 20051107/pags/20051107191536.html
Cohen, S, Mount, B, Strobel, M. y Bui, F. (1995). The McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire: A Measure of Quality of Life Appropriate for People with Advanced Disease. A Preliminary Study of Validity and Acceptability, Palliative Medicine, 9(3), 207-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/026921639500900306
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (2012). Sistema de Indicadores Sociodemográficos. Recuperado de http://celade.cepal.org/ red atam/PRYESP/SISPPI/Webhelp/helpsispi.htm#viviendas_en_situacion_de_hacinamiento.htm
Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (2001). El método de las necesidades básicas insatisfechas (NBI) y sus aplicaciones en América Latina. Recuperado de http://biblioteca.eclac.org/search~S0*spi?/dNECESIDADES+BASICAS/dnecesi da-des+basi cas/1%2C2%2C682%2CB/exact&FF=dnecesidades+basicas&1%2C674%2C
Cummins, R. (2002). Vale ComQol: Caveats to using the Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale. Welcome: The Personal Wellbeing Index. Recuperado de https://www.google.com.mx/search?q=Vale+ComQol%3A+Caveats+to+using+the+Comprehensive+Quality+of+Life+Scale&oq=Vale+ComQol%
Cummins, R. (2000). Objective and Subjective Quality of Life: An Interactive Model. Social Indicators Re-search, 52(1), 55-72. Recuperado de http://www.springerlink.com/ con-tent/v44770mp56100r51/fulltext.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007027822521
Cummins, R. (1997a). Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale–Adult. Recuperado de http://www.deakin.edu.au/research /acqol/instruments/comqol-scale/
Cummins, R. (1997b). Assessing quality of life. En R. I. Brown (Comp.), Quality of Life for People with Disa-bilities: Models, Research and Practice (pp. 116-150). Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Stanley Thornes.
Diener, E. (2009). Culture and Well-being. Champaign, Illinois: University of Illinois. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2352-0
Diener, E., Emmons, R., Larsen, R. y Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction with Life Scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13
Diener, E. y Suh, E. (1997). Measuring Quality of Life: Economic, Social and Subjective Indicators. Social Indicators Research, 40, 189-216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006859511756
Felce, D. y Perry, J. (1995). Quality of Life: It's Definition and Measurement. Research in Devel-opmental Disabilities, 16(1), 51-57. Recuperado de http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pub-med/7701092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0891-4222(94)00028-8
Frank, R. y Wildsmith, E. (2005). The Grass Widows of Mexico: Migration and Union Dissolution in a Binational Context. Social Forces, 83(3), 919–948. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/sof.2005.0031
Galloway, S. (2006). A literature review. En Scottish Executive Social Research (Comp.), Well-being and quality of life: Measuring the Benefits of Culture and Sports (pp. 4-8). Edin-burgh: Scottish Executive Social Research. Recuperado de http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ Publications/2006/01/13 11074 3/0
Gallup (2009). Well-Being Index: Methodology Report for Indexes. Recuperado de http://www.well-beingindex.com/files/Gallup-Healthways%20Index%20Metho dolo gy%20Report%20FINAL%203-25-08.pdf
Haas, B. K. (1999). Clarification and Integration of Similar Quality of Life Concepts. IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(3), 215-220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1547-5069.1999.tb00483.x
Hamilton, C. y Scullion A. (2006). A Think Piece. En Scottish Executive Social Research (Comp.), Well-being and quality of life: Measuring the Benefits of Culture and Sports. (pp. 134-138). Edinburgh: Scottish Executive Social Research. Recuperado de http://www.scotland.gov.uk/ Publications/2006/01/13 11074 3/0
Hirsch, J. S. (2003). A Courtship after Marriage: Sexuality and Love in Mexican Transnational Families. Berkeley: University of California Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520935839
Landale, N. y Ogena, N (1995). Migration and Union Dissolution among Puerto Rican Women. International Migration Review, 29(3), 671–692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/019791839502900303
Livingston, G., Minushkin, S. y Cohn, D. (2008). Hispanics and Health Care in the United States: Access, Information and Knowledge. Washington, D. C. y Princeton: Pew Hispanic Center y Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Recuperado de http://pewhis pa-nic.org/files/reports/91.pdf
Loera, S., Muñoz, L., Nott, E. y Sandefur, B. (2009). Call the Curandero: Improving Mental Health Services for Mexican Immigrants. Praxis. Where Reflection and Practice Meet, 9, 16-21. Recuperado de http://www.luc.edu/media/lucedu/socialwork/pdfs/praxis/Volume%209.pdf
López, M. H. y Taylor, P. (2010). Latinos and the 2010 Census: The Foreign Born Are More Posi-tive. Pew Hispanic Center. Recuperado de http://www.pewhispanic.org/files/reports/121.pdf
McEvoy, J. (2008). Male Out-Migration and the Women Left Behind: A Case Study of a Small Farming Community in Southeastern Mexico. (Tesis de maestría inédita). Utah State Uni-versity, Estados Unidos. Recuperado de http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/ cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1182&context=etd &sei-redir=1&referer=http%3A%2 F%2F
McFarlane, A. H., Neal, K. A., Norman, G. R., Roy, R. G. y Streiner, D. L. (1981). Methodological issues in developing a scale to measure social support. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 7(1), 90-100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/7.1.90
Organización de las Naciones Unidas (2013). International Migrant Stock. Recuperado de http://esa.un.org/migration/p2k0data.asp
Organización de los Estados Americanos (2011). Migración Internacional en las Américas. Primer informe del Sistema Continuo de Reportes de Migración Internacional en las Américas (SICREMI) 2011. Washington, D. C.: Organización de los Estados Americanos. Recupera-do de http://www.migracionoea.org/sicremi/documen tos/SICREMI_2011.pdf
Organización Mundial de la Salud (2004). Quality of Life Questionnaire. Recuperado de http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/research_tools/en/English _whoqol.pdf
Organización Mundial de la Salud (1997). Measuring Quality Of Life. The World Quality of Life Instruments. Recuperado de http://www. who.int/mental_health/media/68.pdf
Pavot, W. y Diener, E. (1993). Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Psychological Assess-ment, 5(25), 164-172. Recuperado de http://www.logisens.com/resourceFiles/Satisfaction_with_Life_Scale_review11.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.5.2.164
Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (2010). El PNUD en breve. Recuperado de http://www.undp.org/spanish/about/ basics.shtml
Rapley, M. (2003). Quality of Life Research. Londres: Sage Publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849209748
Rojas, M. (2006). Well-being and the Complexity of Poverty: A Subjective Well-being Approach. Well-being Approach. En M. McGillivray y M. Clarke (Eds.), Understanding Human Well-Being. (pp. 182-206). Nueva York: United Nations University Press.
Salgado de Snyder, V. (1993). Family Life Across the Border: Mexican Wives Left Behind. Hispa-nic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 15(3), 391-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863930153008
Tamayo, L. (2008). Identidad cultural en los migrantes. Revista Trabajo Social (19), 183-194. Recuperado de http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/ents/article/ view/20192
United States Census Bureau (2014a). Hispanic Heritage Month 2014: Sept. 15–Oct. 15. Recupera-do de http://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/newsroom/facts-for-features/2014/cb14ff-22_hispanic.pdf
Tamayo, L. (2014b). State & County QuickFacts. Recuperado de http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/ 00000.html
Tamayo, L. (2010a). Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. Recuperado de http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/ briefs/c2010br-02.pdf
Tamayo, L. (2010b). Alternative Poverty Estimates Based on National Academy of Sciences Recommenda-tions, by Selected Demographic Characteristics and by Region: 2009. Recuperado de http:// www.census.gov/hhes/povmeas/data/nas/tables/2009/web_tab2_NAS_demogCE_ 2009.xls
United States Institute of Peace (2012). Social well-being. Recuperado de http://www.usip.org/guiding-principles-stabilization-and-reconstruction-the-web-version/social-well-being
Veenhoven, R. (2011). World Database of Happiness. Erasmus University Rotterdam, Países Bajos. Recuperado de http://worlddatabaseofhappiness.eur.nl
Veenhoven, R. (2006). The four qualities of life: ordering concepts and measures of the good life. En M. McGil-livray y M Clarke (Eds.), Understanding Human Well-Being. (pp. 74-100). Nueva York: United Nations University Press.
Veenhoven, R. (2001a). Quality-of-Life and Happiness: Not quite the same. Recuperado de http://repub.eur.nl/resource/pub_8753/in dex.html
Veenhoven, R. (2001b). What We Know about Happiness. Working Paper, Erasmus University Rotterdam. Recuperado de http://www2.eur. nl/fsw/research/veenhoven/Pub2000s/2005m-full.pdf
Veenhoven, R. (1991). Is Happiness Relative? Social Indicators Research, 24, 1-34. Recuperado de http://www.springerlink.com/content/vj102343680515m1/fulltext.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00292648
Veenhoven, R. (1984) Conditions of Happiness. Dordrecht, Holanda: D. Reidel Publishing Company. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6432-7
Velasco, L. (1998). Identidad cultura y territorio: una reflexión en torno a las comunidades trasna-cionales entre México y Estados Unidos. Región y Sociedad, IX(15), 105-130. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=10201503
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Those authors who publish in this journal accept the following terms:
- Authors will keep the moral right of the work and they will transfer the commercial rights.
- After 1 year from publication, the work shall thereafter be open access online on our website, but will retain copyright.
- In the event that the authors wish to assign an Creative Commons (CC) license, they may request it by writing to publishing@eagora.org